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A Comparative Analysis of the Desirability of Work Characteristics: Chile versus the United States
William J. Corney, Clinton H. Richards |
159 |
A Comparative Analysis of the Desirability of Work Characteristics: Chile versus the United States
William J. Corney
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Clinton H. Richards
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The importance of work in an increasingly global economy has led to considerable research on the meaning of work in a multinational framework. Differences in the desirability of autonomy, achievement, high salary and other work-related elements have been found between occupational groups and across cultures. The current study assesses the desirability of eleven work elements across subjects in two countries, Chile and the United States. The importance of each is measured through both ranking and a seven point desirability scale, and results are compared for significant differences by country, gender, degree of optimism for the economy and internal versus external grouping. Major findings indicate that for both Chilean and U.S. students, the characteristic of a preferred job will have three major elements: interesting work, good pay and an opportunity for promotion. Of these, pay was found to be significantly more important for the Chilean students. Limitations of the research are discussed along with implications for further research.
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An Integrative Review of Customer Value Management and National Culture: France and the United States
Jeffrey W. Overby |
166 |
An Integrative Review of Customer Value Management and National Culture: France and the United States
Jeffrey W. Overby
Florida State University
The general objective of this article is to examine how French versus American national culture impacts upon management of a customer value focus in an organization. After reviewing the customer value literature and examining management issues regarding an organization’s customer value focus, France and the United States are compared and contrasted in terms of cultural value dimensions. A conceptual model is employed to propose the influence of culture upon the four keys to managing a customer value focused organization. The article concludes with a discussion and future research directions.
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The Role of the Private Sector in Omanization: The Case of the Banking Industry in the Sultanate of Oman
Salma M. Al-Lamki |
176 |
The Role of the Private Sector in Omanization: The Case of the Banking Industry in the Sultanate of Oman
Salma M. Al-Lamki
Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
This paper examines the role of the banking sector in Omanization (employment of national cadre in the work place). The main objective was to determine corporate Omanization policies and practices along with the influence of other related factors that have contributed to the successful achievement of Omanization targets set by the Central Bank of Oman (CBO). A 25-item questionnaire on corporate Omanization policies and practices along with other related factors that have been instrumental in promoting Omanization in the banking sector was designed on a Likert scale. This instrument was distributed to the banking sector in the Sultanate of Oman. Analysis of data from the banking sector indicated an overwhelming achievement of ninety one percent (91%) 0manization. This success is attributed to most of the 25-items in the questionnaire with CBO Omanization policy ranking the highest with a mean score of 3.9 on a 4-point scale. The findings of this study give an insight on 0manization in the banking sector. Lessons from the banking sector on 0manization can be learned and shared with other private sector industries for potential application and implementation.
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A Nonlinear Model of Exchange Rates: Some Recent Evidence
A. M. M. Jamal |
189 |
A Nonlinear Model of Exchange Rates: Some Recent Evidence
A.M.M. Jamal
Southeastern Louisiana University
This paper develops a model for representing the exchange rate of the United States with two of its major trading partners, U.K. and Japan. The functional relationship was not restricted to the standard linear or logarithmic equation, but was simultaneously estimated with the other parameters of the model. The results show that the relationship between the exchange rates studied and the explanatory variables is nonlinear. In addition, the relative economic activity was the primary factor affecting the exchange rate between U.S. and U.K. or Japan.
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Does Perceived Threat to Organizational Status Moderate the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Work Behavior?
Michael Riketta, Angela Landerer |
193 |
Does Perceived Threat to Organizational Status Moderate the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Work Behavior?
Michael Riketta
University of Tübingen, Germany
Angela Landerer
Catholic University of Eichstätt, Germany
Drawing on research on social identity, the authors postulated that perceived threat to organizational reputation moderates the relationship between attitudinal organizational commitment (AOC) on the one hand and in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on the other. This hypothesis was tested with self-report data from 63 employees of a German health-service organization that had been involved in a public scandal shortly before the investigation. As postulated, higher perceived severity of the scandal was associated with a more positive relationship between AOC and OCB. The hypothesis was not supported for in-role performance.
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A Investigation of Academic Dishonesty among Business Students at Public and Private United States Universities
Bob S. Brown, Peggy Choong |
201 |
A Investigation of Academic Dishonesty among Business Students at Public and Private United States Universities
Bob S. Brown
Marshall University Graduate College
Peggy Choong
Niagara University
A questionnaire on academic dishonesty was administered to management majors at a public and a private, Catholic university. Students were asked their extent of participation in 16 dishonest academic practices, their ratings of the ethical levels of the practices, their ratings of the likelihood of reasons for participation in the practices, and their gender and grade point average (GPA). Though more emphasis was placed on ethics and values at the Catholic university, the two groups of students reported very similar levels of academic dishonesty. Possible reasons for the absence of a relationship between the type of school attended and students’ behavior are discussed.
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An Investigation of Factors Affecting the Choice of Suppliers in the Machine Tool Industry
Ing-San Hwang, Der-Jang Chi |
215 |
An Investigation of Factors Affecting the Choice of Suppliers in the Machine Tool Industry
Ing-San Hwang
National Taipei University, Taiwan
Der-Jang Chi
National Taipei University, Taiwan
As the sixth largest production and the fifth largest export country in the world, Taiwan has three types of suppliers for its machine tool industry: foreign component, domestic component, and local process. For this study, 99 Taiwanese machine tool manufacturers completed questionnaires about their selection of suppliers. The leading factors among foreign component suppliers were value-creation, product and operation capabilities; among domestic component suppliers were reputation, technology and customer capabilities; and among local process suppliers were operation, technology and customer capabilities. This study can serve as a reference for academic, governmental and industrial research institutes, and machine tool manufacturers.
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Motivations for Going International: Profiles of Asian and American Foreign Study Students, Cross-Cultural Management Students, and Global Managers
Gary Fontaine |
224 |
Motivations for Going International: Profiles of Asian and American Foreign Study Students, Cross-Cultural Management Students, and Global Managers
Gary Fontaine
University of Hawaii at Manoa
This study assessed the motivational profiles of sojourners in international business and foreign study. A “Reasons for International Travel” questionnaire was administered to 107 Asian and American foreign study students, 90 Asian participants and 26 Americans participants in two graduate cross-cultural management programs, and 32 managers for two large multinationals. Principal components factor analyses produced six factors: (1) Presence-Seeking; (2) Explorer; (3) Recreation; (4) Job/Career; (5) Collector/Consumer; and (6) Family Stability. MANOVA and ANOVA indicated surprising commonality in the profiles across these factors with Explorer, Recreation, Presence-Seeking and Job/Career most important. There were, however, several significant differences between groups.
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A Global Perspective on Balancing Work and Family
Maggie Clancy, Jasmine Tata |
234 |
A Global Perspective on Balancing Work and Family
Maggie Clancy
Loyola University Chicago
Jasmine Tata
Loyola University Chicago
Today’s labor markets require women’s participation in the workforce to a greater extent than ever before. More and more women across the world are joining the labor force. Yet, they often find it difficult to balance their work responsibilities with their family obligations. In this paper we examine the impact of societal/cultural beliefs, organizational expectations and managerial styles, and work family support on workfamily balance in eight countries. The countries examined include China, Japan, Israel, Britain, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. We conclude with some recommendations for organizations to help them maintain and nourish their female workforces.
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An Empirical Comparison of the Capitalized Cost and Equivalent Annual Cost Methods for Evaluating Mutually Exclusive Projects
Jung-Hua Hung, Yong-Chin Liu |
242 |
An Empirical Comparison of the Capitalized Cost and Equivalent Annual Cost Methods for Evaluating Mutually Exclusive Projects
Jung-Hua Hung
National Central University, Taiwan
Yong-Chin Liu
National Central University, Taiwan
This paper introduces an alternative approach known as capitalized cost method mentioned by Knox, Zima and Brown (1993) for a firm to evaluate investment projects. We employ this method to select mutually exclusive projects with unequal lives and operating costs. The capitalized cost of an asset is the total present values of its full net costs that an asset spends over its life. We show the total present value of equivalent annual costs (EAC) equals the capitalized cost of an asset that could be replaced for infinite periods. The capitalized cost method is simpler and easier than the EAC method, and seems to be preferable for selecting projects with unequal economic lives.
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Capital Market Integration and Market Liberalization in Asian Emerging Markets
Mei-Chen Lin |
249 |
Capital Market Integration and Market Liberalization in Asian Emerging Markets
Mei-Chen Lin
National United University, Taiwan
This paper investigates the unconditional mean-variance efficiency of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) world index in the context of the Sharpe-Lintner CAPM. Using data from sixteen OECD countries, Hong Kong, and the five Asian emerging markets over the period 1985 to 1999, various tests under alternative distributional specifications were performed. The results show that the mean-variance efficiency of the MSCI world index was rejected before 1990. The rejection can be partly attributed to the segregation of the AEMs from the rest of the world during the 1980s. The five Asian emerging markets became more integrated into the world capital markets after relaxing foreign investment restrictions in the 1990s.
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Using the Internet to Integrate Government, Academic and Industry Resources for Improving the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry
Chun-Fu Chen |
266 |
Using the Internet to Integrate Government, Academic and Industry Resources for Improving the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry
Chun-Fu Chen
Nanya Institute of Technology, Taiwan
This study uses the Internet to integrate the resources of industry, government and academia. It is qualitative research, in which methods of narrative, interpretation and comparison are applied to the study. The main purpose of this study is to attain additional resources through the implementation of an EC-based Internet for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry (TCM). The success of TCM in the international stage is based on the relations of symbiosis. While the government can be the founder for the industry, it is up to the industry to apply this foundation by working on projects on its own or by cooperating with academia to establish the technology for the development of local herbal medicines and new products of single herb materials. The implementation of the Internet could work together with these three sources for the development of the TCM industry in Taiwan with high efficiency without distance problems.
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An Empirical Study of the Knowledge Transfer Methods used by Clinical Instructors
Ming-Tien Tsai, Ling-Long Tsai |
273 |
An Empirical Study of the Knowledge Transfer Methods used by Clinical Instructors
Ming-Tien Tsai
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Ling-Long Tsai
National Cheng Kung University, and Meiho Institute of Technology, Taiwan
Many studies have focused on intra or inter organizational knowledge transfer, whereas individual job performance is relevant to the goals of the organization, there is little research regarding knowledge transfer at the individual level. This research utilizes the nursing profession to explore individual knowledge transfer. Initially, we interviewed 17 clinical instructors to discover the knowledge transfer methods used during nursing clinical practice. These interviews were summarized into 33 short statements. After developing the final questionnaire, we found 10 experts to judge and assign each statement based on how it related to knowledge transfer. Context, Direct Instruction, Interaction, Experience and Imagination were then explored as five individual knowledge transfer methods.
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Relationships among Internal Marketing, Employee Job Satisfaction and International Hotel Performance: An Empirical Study
Ing-San Hwang, Der-Jang Chi |
285 |
Relationships among Internal Marketing, Employee Job Satisfaction and International Hotel Performance: An Empirical Study
Ing-San Hwang
National Taipei University, Taiwan
Der-Jang Chi
National Taipei University, Taiwan
The concept of internal marketing employed in the service sector is crucial to excellent service provision and successful external marketing which calls for an exploration in details. Taking this concept into account, this paper presents an empirical study on the correlations among internal marketing, employee job satisfaction and organizational performance with respect to international hotels in Taiwan. Findings show significant correlations among internal marketing, employee job satisfaction and performance of international hotels. These findings can provide a basis for future academic research of related topics as well as a solid reference for business owners and managers in the service sector.
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A Model Framework for Developing Industry Specific Quality Standards for Effective Quality Assurance in Global Supply Chains
in the New Millennium
Jayanta K. Bandyopadhyay |
294 |
A Model Framework for Developing Industry Specific Quality Standards for Effective Quality Assurance in Global Supply Chains
in the New Millennium
Jayanta K. Bandyopadhyay
Central Michigan University
The most important element of a quality assurance system is the quality standard, which is considered as the guideline for comparing the performance of a system for monitoring and control. The quality standard often involves a series of requirements set by customers, and stakeholders which must be met for their total satisfaction. Over decades, multitudes of companies belonging to various industries have developed numerous quality standards and quality systems requirements for their quality assurance activities until in early 1990s ISO ‑9000 series of standards was developed for harmonization of quality assurance activities in global supply chains. However, ISO-9000 was designed as a generic standard using prevention based total quality management approach and failed to address specific requirements of many industries, including automotive, aerospace, defense, chemical, and electronics. Consequently, within a few years from the emergence of ISO‑9000 series of quality standards, QS-9000 series of quality systems requirements was introduced by US automaker, and from a Delphi survey of practicing quality auditors the author foresees that many other industry‑specific standards are going to emerge in this new millennium. This paper attempts to provide an model framework for facilitating the process of developing an industry‑specific quality standard for effective quality assurance in a global chains.
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The Provision of Non-Audit Services by Accounting Firms after the Enron Bankruptcy in the United States
Shu-Hua Chien, Yahn-Shir Chen |
300 |
The Provision of Non-Audit Services by Accounting Firms after the Enron Bankruptcy in the United States
Shu-Hua Chien
National Taichung Institute College, Taiwan
Yahn-Shir Chen
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
This study aims to examine the current non-audit services after Enron, went bankrupt when massive accounting fraud was uncovered. We investigated 767 accounting firms in Taiwan and found that currently tax advisory service is the most popular the non-audit service provided by accounting firms. With a higher certified public accountant (CPA) to employee ratio, accounting firms will have better non-audit performance. Organization size is positively related to non-audit performance, while the independence of the accounting firm shows negative effect on non-audit performance.
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Technology-Based Service and Customer Satisfaction in Developing Countries
Kuang-Jung Chen |
307 |
Technology-Based Service and Customer Satisfaction in Developing Countriess
Kuang-Jung Chen
Ching Yun University of Technology,Taiwan
Technology has become an integral part of the marketplace. Customers are increasingly given the option or are being asked to provide for themselves through the use of self-service technologies. It is important for providers of self-service technologies (SSTs) to understand how customers evaluate SSTs so that firms can improve their performance. This article provides a view of the relationships between service quality and customer satisfaction based on technology-based service encounters. Results shows that at the very basic level, criteria for evaluation appear to be different between employee dependent and technology dependent service delivery. However, with the use of the critical incident technique (CIT) and attribution techniques, criteria can be developed that are applicable to SSTs and when utilized in employee based services, provide a deeper understanding of the customers’ evaluation process.
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